Why are weight and balance calculations important before flight?

Weight and balance calculations are crucial before flight primarily because they ensure aircraft performance and safety. Each aircraft is designed to operate within specific weight limits, which include the maximum takeoff weight, as well as the distribution of weight throughout the fuselage. An incorrect weight distribution can significantly affect the aircraft's center of gravity, leading to impaired handling characteristics, reduced performance during takeoff and landing, and even an increased risk of accidents.

Proper weight and balance calculations help to maintain the aircraft's stability and control in the air, which is essential for safe operation. For instance, if an aircraft is too nose-heavy or tail-heavy, it may be challenging for pilots to manage during critical phases of flight. Ensuring the aircraft is correctly loaded helps in preventing stalls, maintaining optimal fuel efficiency, and ensuring compliance with regulatory safety standards, ultimately enhancing the overall safety of the flight.